–sf}zn rGb| lh=;L=
:yfgLo lgsfosf] lgjf{rgkl5 b]zs} 7"nf] kf]v/f dxfgu/kflnsfn]
hgpQ/bfoL g]t[Tj kfPsf] 5 . ljleGg ;|f]t / ;fwg ;DkGg of] dxfgu/kflnsfnfO{ k|b]z
$ sf] /fhwfgLsf] ?kdf klg x]l/Psf] 5 . cGt/f{li6«o klxrfg ;lxtsf] ko{6sLo ;x/,
kof{j/0fLo kIfaf6 klg tfn ;d"x ldn]/ ag]sf] l;d;f/ /x]sf] tfn g} tfnsf] ;x/
cflb sf/0fn] o;n] k|z:t ;Defjgf af]s]sf] 5 . To;}n] o;sf] ljsf;sf kIf / d'2fx?
klg ljlzi6 5g\ .
o; If]qsf] ;du| ljsf;sf] nflu of]hgfx? agfO{ ltgsf] sfof{Gjogsf
k|of;x? ljutdf gePsf xf]Ogg\ . ljutsf] kf]v/f gu/nfO{ dfq ;d]6]/ ul/Psf] klxnf]
e"–pkof]u of]hgf -;g\ !(^)_, kf]v/fsf] ef}lts ljsf; of]hgf -;g\ !(&$_,
kf]v/f jftfj/0f ;'wf/ cfof]hgf -;g\ !((^–@))!_ h:tf of]hgfa4 ljsf;sf kxn o;sf pbfx/0fx?
x'g\ . oBlk tL of]hgfx? k|efjsf/L lx;fjn] sfof{Gjog ePsf] kfOFb}g . o;sf k5fl8
/fhgLlts cl:y/tf, ;fwg ;|f]tsf] sdL h:tf y'k|} sf/0fx? xf]nfg\, ;Fu;Fu}
g]t[Tjsf] cefj / c;Ifdtf klg k|d'v sf/0f x'g\ .
/fHo k'g;{+/rgfkl5 gofF kl/j]zdf 7"nf] ef}uf]lns If]q
;d]l6Psf] of] ;x/ kf]v/fsf] bL3{sfnLg ljsf;sf] d'2f cxd ljifo xf] . :yfgLo r'gfjdf
of] ljifo d'vl/t x'g' kg]{ lyof] . t/ ;x/sf cfwf/e"t cfjZostfsf ;–;fgf r'gfjL
gf/f / cd"t{ vfnsf :jlKgn xjfO v]tLdf /+luof] r'gfjL dfxf]n . To;}n] :df6{ l;6Lsf]
cd"t{ gf/f w]/} pd]b\jf/sf] d'vdf em'l08Psf] lyof] . xf] vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO{, ;'/Iffsf] k|aGw, Jojl:yt oftfoft
k|0ffnL, :yfgLo lgsfosf] 5l/tf] ;]jf OToflb klg lgM;Gb]x cTofjZos ljifo x'g\ . To;}n] ;a}h;f] kf6L{ / pd]b\jf/n] log} s'/fnfO{ r'gfjL
gf/f agfP . gu/sf] ;du| ljsf;sf] nflu bL3{sfnLg ;f]r;lxtsf] of]hgf / To;sf] sfof{Gjogsf]
k|lta4tf eg] lgjf{rgsf qmddf s;}n] klg p7fPsf] kfOPg .
ca t r'gfj klg
;lsof] / lgjf{lrt hgk|ltlglwsf xftdf :yfgLo lgsfosf] afu8f]/ cfOk'u]sf] 5 . To;}n]
dxfgu/sf] ;jf{ª\uL0f ljsf;sf nflu bL3{sfnLg ;f]r ;lxtsf] of]hgf / To;sf] sfof{Gjog
klxnf] k|fyldstfdf x'g'kb{5 . To:t} bL3{sfnLg ljsf;sf s]xL kIfx?af/] oxfF rrf{
ug]{ k|of; ul/Psf] 5 M
e"–pkof]u / ef}lts ;+/rgfaf/] of]hgf
s'g} klg ;x/nfO{ Jojl:yt
?kdf ljsf; ug{sf nflu :ki6 u'? of]hgfsf] vfsf / To;sf] ;kmn sfof{Gjog x'g' kb{5
. x'g t ljutdf kf]v/fsf] u'? of]hgf agfpg] k|of; gePsf xf]Ogg\ . kf]v/fsf]
ef}lts ljsf; of]hgf -;g\ !(&$_ n] kf]v/fnfO{ k|fs[lts e"–kl/b[Zo
;+/lIft xl/t ;x/, klZrdf~rnsf] /fhwfgL ;x/, :j:y / ;'Gb/ ;x/ agfpg] bL3{sfnLg
p2]Zo ;lxtsf] ljsf; of]hgf cufl8 a9fPsf] lyof] . o;}cGtu{t kf]v/fdf cf}Bf]lus
If]q, cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:ynsf] hUuf k|flKt, gofF /fhdfu{sf] lgdf{0f h:tf bL3{sfnLg
dxTjsf ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ;Fu;Fu} s]xL e"–pkof]u lgodx? klg ag] . t/ ltgsf]
plrt sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]g .
clxn] kf]v/f dxfgu/kflnsfsf]
ef}uf]lns If]qkmn a9]sf] 5 . o;sf u|fdL0f Onfsf ;Fu;Fu} cf;kf;sf ufpFkflnsf klg
;d]l6g] u/]/ a[xt u'? of]hgf aGg' kb{5 . Jojl:yt ;x/Ls/0fsf] nflu
e"–pkof]u of]hgf klg af~5gLo x'G5 . d"ntM ;x/sf] ;+/rgf, ;]jf;'ljwf, ;|f]t
pkof]u cflb ljifox?nfO{ ;d]6]/ u'? of]hgf agfOG5 . o;df ;x/sf] ef}lts jftfj/0f ;Fu;Fu}
;fdflhs / cfly{s jftfj/0f klg ;d]l6G5 . To;}n] xfn p7]sf w]/} h;f] r'gfjL
gf/fx? h:t} Jojl:yt oftfoft, vfg]kfgL, kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg, ahf/ Joj:yfkg OToflb
u'? of]hgfd} kl/xfN5g\ . o;sf cnfjf e"–pkof]u of]hgf klg ;x/sf] u'? of]hgfdf
kb{5 h;cGtu{t ;x/sf] e"ld k|of]usf] k|sf/ / ;Ldf tf]sL Jojl:yt lgdf{0f
sfo{ u/L ;x/sf] ljsf; ul/G5 . xfnsf] cJojl:yt e"ld v08Ls/0f tyf cJojl:yt
lgdf{0fsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg klg e"–pkof]u of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogaf6 x'G5 . To;}n]
r'gfj tfsf g} k|lt:kwL{ bn tyf pd]b\jf/af6 sd;]sd kf]v/f dxfgu/kflnsfsf] u'? of]hgfsf]
vfsf o:tf] x'g]5 eGg] cfpg' kb{Yof] . o:tf] x'g t ;s]g tyflk ca lgjf{lrt g]t[Tjn]
kSs} klg o; sfo{nfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fVg]5 .
ko{6g k|a4{g of]hgf
tYof+sn] b]vfpF5,
kf]v/f If]qsf] ko{6gn] oxfFsf] s'n u|fx:y pTkfbg -hL=8L=kL=_ df em08} %Ü
of]ubfg lbG5 . of] ;du| b]zsf] cf};t -@=!Ü_ sf] t'ngfdf bf]Aa/eGbf a9L xf] .
o;af6} k|:6 x'G5 kf]v/f If]qsf] ljsf; / ko{6g cGof]Gofl>t 5g\ . ca oxfFsf] ljsf;sf
of]hgfdf ko{6g k|a4{g Pp6f cleGg c+u ag]/ cfpg' k5{ . kf]v/fsf] ko{6g
eGg]lalQs} km]jf tfn / j/k/sf] If]qnfO{ a'em\g] ;d:of klxn]b]lv g} 5 . cjnf]sgsf
nflu of]Uo k|fs[lts s]xL :yfg ljz]ifnfO{ dfq Wofg lbFb} cfOPsf] 5 . ko{6gdf snf,
;+:s[lt, u|fdL0f If]q, wfld{s, ;fxl;s If]q h:tf ljljw cfofd yk]/ ;du| kf]v/fdf
o;nfO{ lj:tf/ ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g . oxfFsf :yfgLo lrgf/Lo'Qm j:t'÷;fwg pTkfbgdf
ljljwLs/0f / ljlgdo, :yfgLo :jfb / vfgfdf ljljwLs/0f / u'0f:t/, u|fdL0f If]qdf
lbuf] kof{–ko{6gsf] lj:tf/ OToflb ljifox?df cToGt Go"g k|of;x? ePsf 5g\ .
;Dk"0f{ ljZjsf] Wofg g} ca jftfj/0fLo kIfnfO{ Wofg lbg] kof{–ko{6gtk{m
df]l8Psf] 5 . o:tf] kl/k|]Iodf xfd|f] ko{6gsf] :ki6 of]hgf / vfsf aGg lgs}
l9nf] e};s]sf] 5 . casf] :yfgLo g]t[Tjn] of] s'/fnfO{ klg ljz]if rf;f]sf ;fy
cufl8 a9fpg' afx]s csf{] ljsNk 5}g .
tfn ;+/If0fsf d'2f
jf:tjdf kf]v/f dxfgu/kflnsfsf]
kl/ro / cfsif{0f eg]s} ;'Gb/ tfn–tn}of / :j:y ;'/Do jftfj/0f xf] . t/ lj8Dagf, xfd|f
tfnx? k|b'if0f / clts|d0fsf] rk]6fdf k/]sf 5g\ . cfwf bzsd} emG8} cfwf hn
If]qkmn 36]sf] / hns'DeL emf/sf] ;+s|d0fdf k/]sf] km]jftfn, 7"nf / ko{6sLo
;Defjgf af]s]sf t/ k|a4{g ug{ g;lsPsf a]ugf; / ?kftfn, gfd dfq} ;'lgPsf t/ vf;}
ljsf; gul/Psf / cl:tTj g} ;+s6df k/]sf vf:6], d}bL, lbkf+u, Go'/]gL, u'Fb] tfn
/ sdn kf]v/L u/L gf} j6f tfn tn}of kf]v/f If]qsf cd"No lglw x'g\ . a]nf
a]nfdf tfn ;+/If0fsf] nflu ;/sf/L ta/af6 ;+:yfut k|of;x? gePsf xf]Ogg\ . /fli6«o
:t/sf] tfn ljsf; ;ldlt, gu/kflnsfsf] km]jf tfn ;+/If0f sfof{no cflb ;/sf/L lgsfo
5g\ eg] bh{gfF} ;+Vofdf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf km]jf tfnsf] ;+/If0fsf] gfddf cl:tTjdf
5g\ . t/ tfn ;+/If0fdf ePsf k|of;sf] d"Nof+sg tfnx?sf] xfnsf] bogLo cj:yfn]
g} u/]sf] 5 .
xfn;fn} dfq xfd|f ( j6f
tfnx?sf] ;d"x ljZj l;d;f/ ;"rLdf k/]sf] 5 . o;/L tfnx?sf] ;d"x g}
l;d;f/ ;"rLdf k/]sf] ;fob ljZjd} klxnf] 36gf xf]nf . To;}n] tfnx?sf] plrt
;+/If0f / l;d;f/ If]qsf] k|rf/ k|;f/ / k|a4{g u/L ko{6gdf csf]{ cfofd yKg] ;Defjgf
oxfF 5 . o;sf nflu tfn ;+/If0fsf] bL3{sfnLg of]hgf cfjZos 5 .
cfly{s ;d[l4 / /f]huf/L
jf:tjdf cfly{s ;d[l4 / /f]huf/L Ps csf{sf kl/k"/s x'g\ . Pp6f
cfw'lgs / lbgfg'lbg la:tfl/t ;x/sf] cfly{s ultljlw ax'kIfLo ax'cfoflds x'G5 eg]
s]Gb|Lo gLlt lgodsf] cnfjf :yfgLo lgsfosf] gLlt lgod / k|fyldstfn] klg o;df c;/
kfb{5g\ . kf]v/f cfly{s ?kn] ;lqmo hg;+Vof clws ePsf] 7fpF xf] . kl5Nnf] /fli6«o
cfly{s ;j]{If0fn] sf:sL lhNnfdf em08} ^&Ü hg;+Vof cfly{s lqmofsnfkdf ;+nUg ePsf]
b]vfPsf] lyof] . oxfFsf] ;Defjgf o'Qm ljleGg If]q h:t} ko{6g, ko{6gd'vL s[lif,
lzIff, :jf:Yo / cGo If]qdf /f]huf/L j[l4 ug{ ckl/xfo{ 5 . cem a9L cfly{s ;d[l4
xfl;n ug{ oL If]qdf :yfgLo lgsfon] s] s] ug{ ;S5 To;sf] lrQ a'em\bf] tYof+s
;lxtsf] sfo{of]hgf cfjZos 5 .
/f]huf/L j[l4 u/L
a]/f]huf/L ;d:of xn ug]{ / cfly{s j[l4 xfl;n ug]{ s'/f t elgPsf] 5 t/ kf]v/fsf]
xfnsf] ljBdfg cfo / If]qut ah]6 ljlgof]hgsf] cj:yf clg ef]lnsf lbgdf ug{ ;lsg]
cfo j[l4, k|fy\dLs/0f cg'?k ah]6 ljlgof]hg / ljsf; of]hgfsf] ;fdfGo tYof+s
;lxtsf] vfsf;Dd klg r'gfjdf e]l6Pg . cfzf u/fF}, gofF g]t[Tjn] o;df kxn ug]{5 .
;kgf / oyfy{
r'gfjs} d'vdf ;x/nfO{
s;/L ljsl;t ug]{ eGg] s]xL gjLg cjwf/0ff eg] gcfPsf xf]Ogg\ . t/ oL cjwf/0ff
oyfy{ sd / ;kgf a9L h:tf b]lvP . ljsl;t b]zd} ;d]t :df6{ l;6L agfpg sl7g
eO/x]sf] cj:yfdf oxfF klg :df6{ l;6Lsf] ;Gbe{ p7fOPsf] lyof] . k|ljlw;DkGg ;x/ agfpgsf
nflu r'gf}tL k'/fg} dfgjLo tyf ljQLo ;|f]t ;fwg x'g\ . k'/fgf] 9/f{sf] sd{rf/L
tGq / of]hgf th'{dfsf] nflu rflxg] ;fdfGo eGbf ;fdfGo tYof+s klg Jojl:yt gx'g]
k/Dk/faLr :df6{ l;6L / k|ljlwo'Qm ;x/sf] ;kgf k"/f ug{ :yfgLo ;+/rgfsf]
Jofks kl/dfh{g ug]{ cfF6 ul/g' k5{ . :df6{ l;6L eg]sf] OG6/g]6 ;~hfndf
hf]l8Psf] ;+oGq dfq xf]Og, l8lh6n k|ljlwo'Qm sfd sf/afxL, O–ueg]{; ;fydf cGo
;]jf klg x'g' kb{5 . kof{Kt vfg]kfgLsf] Joj:yf, ljB't, ;]lg6];g / kmf]x/
Joj:yfkg, r':t ;x/L oftfoft, ;a}nfO{ pko'Qm af;sf] Joj:yf, lbuf] jftfj/0f,
gful/ssf] ;'/Iff clg lzIff / :jf:Yosf] Joj:yf :df6{ l;6Lsf nflu x'g} kg]{
;'ljwfx? x'g\ .
/ cGtdf, Pp6f egfO 5
……/f]d ;x/ Ps} lbgdf ag]sf] xf]OgÚÚ . kSs} klg s'g} klg ;x/ /ftf/ft aGg]
xf]Ogg\ . pko'Qm of]hgf / lg/Gt/sf] k|of;n] g} ;x/ ljsl;t x'G5g\ . xfd|f]
kl/k|]Iodf klg of] dggLo oyfy{ xf] . xfd|f] ef}uf}lns ;+/rgf dfq xf]Og, :yfgLo
txsf] k'g;{+/rgf ePsf] 5 . s]Gb|Ls[t zf;gsf] clwsf/ :yfgLo txdf la:tfl/t ePsf]
5 . of] kl/jt{gnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ /fHosf gLlt lgod, P]g sfg'g klg kl/dfh{g
ul/Psf] 5 / s]xL P]g lgod gofF aGg] k|lqmofdf 5g\ . ef]lnsf] lbgdf gofF
g]t[Tjn] of] gofF kl/jt{gnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] r'gf}tL t 5 g}, ;fy ;fydf cfd dflg;nfO{
k|bfg ul/g] b}lgs ;]jf r':t aGg' klg plt g} cfjZos 5 . cf;f u/f}F, kf]v/fsf]
;jf{+uL0f ljsf;df of]hgfa4 k|of; / k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf] cEof; clxn]sf]
g]t[Tjn] ug]{5 .
-n]vs sfZokL Ps]8]lds u'|k;Fu ;Da4
l;len OlGhlgo/ x'g\ ._
